Adverse Pathology After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radical Cystectomy: The Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Background

The current guidelines do not recommend adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for patients with adverse pathologic findings after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer. We sought to evaluate the association of AC with overall survival (OS) in these patients.

Temporal Trends in Clinical and Pathological Characteristics for Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy Between 1995 and 2013 at Rigshospitalet,Copenhagen, Denmark,and Stanford University Hospital,United States

Purpose

To analyze how prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and practice patterns has affected trends in tumor characteristics in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) in the United States and Denmark. Unlike in the United States, PSA screening has not been recommended in Denmark.

Preoperative Staging With 11C-Choline PET/CT Is Adequately Accurate in Patients With Very High-Risk Prostate Cancer

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of ¹¹C-choline positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for nodal staging of prostate cancer (PCa) in different populations of high-risk patients.

手辅助腹腔镜胃癌根治术的疗效及对患者CEA、CA199的影响

目的研究手辅助腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床治疗效果以及对患者血清CEA和CA199的影响。方法对采用手辅助腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗的58例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对治疗效果及治疗前后患者血清肿瘤标记物CEA和CA199变化情况进行比较。结果采用手辅助腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗的58例患者无手术死亡病例,发生胃无力2例、切口感染1例,经治疗均痊愈。患者CEA水平从术前的(20.4±2.1)ng/ml降低至术后的(4.3±1.8)ng/ml、患者CA199水平从术前的(63.1±28.9)U/ml降低至术后的(23.6±11.2)U/ml,手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论手辅助腹腔镜胃癌根治术操作难度小,疗效确切,血清肿瘤标记物CEA和CA199降低明显,术后并发症少,可作为胃癌治疗的新术式。     

Perioperative and mid-term oncologic outcomes of robotic assisted radical cystectomy with totally intracorporeal neobladder: Results of a propensity score matched comparison with open cohort from a single-centre series

Aim

In this study, we compared perioperative and oncologic outcomes of patients treated with either open or robot-assisted radical cystectomy and intracorporeal neobladder at a tertiary care center.

The new Epstein gleason score classification significantly reduces upgrading in prostate cancer patients

Purpose

To evaluate the differences between the old and the new Gleason score classification systems in upgrading and downgrading rates.

Neo-adjuvant GnRH therapy and radical prostatectomy: Effects on tumorous and benign tissue volumes —A morphometric study

The effect on tumour and prostate volumes of a 3-month course of neo-adjuvant hormone therapy was studied using computerised planimetry on serially sectioned specimens obtained by radical prostatectomy. Fifty-four specimens from patients not receiving pre-treatment were compared to 38 specimens from patients given the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue triptorelin for 3 months before the operation. Glandular volume and volume of the index tumour was determined. To determine the position of the index tumour within the gland, the centre of mass of the tumour was identified and the distance to the gland margin calculated. This value (M ₁) represents the sum of the tumour radius and the various amounts of normal tissue. The amount of surrounding tissue could be approximated by correlating M1 to the corresponding tumour volume. Results: The two groups differed significantly in total gland volumes, but not in tumour volumes.M ₁ was strongly correlated to the tumour volume in the treatment group (r = 0.'73), whereas in the control group the correlation was found to be significantly weaker (r = 0.44), indicating that there was less tissue surrounding the tumour in the pre-treated group. In a multiple regression analysis of all 92 patients, index tumour volume was found to be associated with total gland volume, DNA ploidy pattern, tumour grade but not whether or not pre-treatment was given. This study found that the volumes of the single largest tumour focus were not significantly affected by hormonal pretreatment, and that the prostate condenses around the tumour rather than that the tumour shrinks back into the prostate. However, the precise relationship between tumour epithelial volume and stroma with or without neo-adjuvant hormonal pre-treatment remains to be clarified.     

The role of vitamin E in normal and damaged skin

The generation of free oxygen radicals is believed to play an important pathogenic role in the development of various disorders. More than other tissues, the skin is exposed to numerous environmental chemical and physical agents such as ultraviolet light causing oxidative stress. In the skin this results in several short- and long-term adverse effects such as erythema, edema, skin thickening, wrinkling, and an increased incidence of skin cancer or precursor lesions. However, accelerated cutaneous aging under the influence of ultraviolet light, usually termed photoaging, is only one of the harmful effects of continual oxygen radical production in the skin. Others include cutaneous inflammation, autoimmunological processes, keratinization disturbances, and vasculitis. Vitamin E is the major naturally occurring lipid-soluble non-enzymatic antioxidant protecting skin from the adverse effects of oxidative stress including photoaging. Its chemistry and its physiological function as a major antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent, in particular with respect to its photoprotective, antiphotoaging properties, are described by summarizing animal studies, in vivo tests on human skin and biochemical in vitro investigations. The possible therapeutic use in different cutaneous disorders, and pharmacological and toxicological aspects are discussed. Many studies document that vitamin E occupies a central position as a highly efficient antioxidant, thereby providing possibilities to decrease the frequency and severity of pathological events in the skin. For this purpose increased efforts in developing appropriate systemic and local pharmacological preparations of vitamin E are required.     

千兆架构的设想与实现

随着医院信息化的加快,医院传统的工作方式,已逐渐暴露出诸多落后因素,如:效率低、耗资大、不方便病人等等。如果停滞不前,必将使医院失去竞争和存在能力。医生工作站、PACS(医学影像系统)、LIS(检验信息系统)逐渐成为医院信息管理系统中不可缺少的组成部分。我院最近正在进行系统网络升级。升级之前我院的千兆网极不完善,仅有一条千兆链路,这种情况已经日益成为影响医院信息化发展的瓶颈。以太网络技术已经成为企事业组织建设局域、园区网络的主流技术,并开始应用于城域网络和宽带接入网络等市场。而其中千兆以太网络技术已经作为建设网络骨干和高速服务器组群连接的主流技术。